BLUE WATER PASSAGES

Link to NewsLetter Archive 1979-2006
The J. L. Mauthe & Pathfinder
The Kaye E. Barker: Three Names, Three Owners
The Halifax: A Halco Sister
Algorail & The Jodrey
Michipicoten & Elton Hoyt 2nd
Edmund Fitzgerald: A Remembrance
Lehigh & Willowglen
Maritime Trader: A New Future!
Alpena: Five Super Sisters!
An Original: E. M. Ford
Still A Classic: The Wilfred Sykes
By Dick Wicklund
(CLICK ON PHOTOS TO ENLARGE)
xxxxIn the late 1940's America was turning to a decade of hoped for peace and prosperity. To carry the raw materials needed, Great Lakes shipyards began designing larger and more streamlined ships. The first ship to meet this demand became the prototype of lake boats that followed. This first ship was Inland Steel's Wilfred Sykes.
xxxxLaunched in 1949, the Wilfred Sykes was built at Lorain, Ohio. An engineer on a passing U.S. Steel vessel, Lloyd Campbell, photographed the Sykes in fit-out. At 678 feet long, she had a modern, pleasing design, enhanced by the color scheme.
xxxxThe maiden voyage of the Sykes began in April, 1950. Her only major change came twenty-five years later in 1975, when she became a self-unloader. Out side of this, her appearance has remained the same, including the color scheme.
xxxxIn June, 2005, the Sykes brought a cargo to the St. Clair River. Ray Bawal photographed this classic laker, now in her 56th year on the Great Lakes. Although the Sykes has sailed all over the Great Lakes, until recently her cargos were mainly to and from Lake Michigan ports. Now, on more occasions, the Wilfred Sykes passes through our Blue Water area.


Wilfred Sykes
by Lloyd Campbell, 1949


Wilfred Sykes
by Lloyd Campbell, 1949

Wilfred Sykes
by
Ray Bawal

Wilfred Sykes
by
Ray Bawal

Wilfred Sykes
by
Ray Bawal

Wilfred Sykes
by
Ray Bawal
Major Surgery: Canadian Transfer
by Dick Wicklund
xxxxMost Great Lakes ships spend their years of service without many changes. Conversions to self-unloading vessels is a more normal change, along with re-powering. However, a few Canadian Great Lakes boats have had major surgery in recent years. The Canadian Transfer is one of these.
xxxxThe entire original stern of this boat was cut off, and a complete stern of another vessel was attached to make a "new" ship. In late June, 2005, the Canadian Transfer was passing Port Huron showing her unusual profile. Most of the cargo hold, forward to the bow is of a sixty-two year old Laker. This older section was built in 1943, starting out as the World War II "Maritime Class," J. H. Hillman, Jr. The original owner was the Great Lakes Steamship Company, and later, Wilson Marine Transit. Under the Hillman name, Columbia Transportation Division of Oglebay Norton chartered her at times in the 1960's.
xxxxIn 1974, Oglebay Norton bought the Hillman outright, and converted it to a self-unloader. A new name was applied, Crispin Oglebay (2), and she sailed for their Columbia fleet. I photographed the Crispin Oglebay in Lake St. Clair on September 1, 1975.
xxxxIn 1995, the Oglebay was sold to Upper Lakes Shipping of Canada. This is where her history gets complicated. For about three years she was used as a "transfer" barge. In 1998, the surgery began when the stern was cut off, and replaced with another. Simply, this stern came from a 400 foot Canadian coastal vessel built in the 1960's, named Cabot. However, it is not this simple, because previous to this in 1983, the Cabot's stern had been severed from it's original hull, and attached to another hull, that used to be the 730 foot steamer Northern Venture. This "new" ship created in 1983 took the name Canadian Explorer.
xxxxSo in 1998, the Cabot's stern was again removed, and attached to the this sixty-two year old vessel, and renamed, Canadian Transfer. This third surgery created a 650 foot motor vessel that is now busy sailing often through our Blue Water area. May she continue to do so with no more major surgeries!

Canadian Transfer 6-20-05


Canadian Transfer 6-20-05

Canadian Transfer 6-20-05

Canadian Transfer 6-20-05

Canadian Transfer 6-20-05

Canadian Explorer
St. Clair River 5-30-93

Crispin Oglebay
Lake St. Clair 9-1-75

J. H. Hillman, Jr.
by Kenneth E. Smith

Callaway Gardens
by Dick Wicklund

xxxxOne of my favorite ships on the Great Lakes is the Cason J. Callaway. While in Duluth, Minnesota in 1971, I photographed this ship arriving one evening for another load of iron ore. In that year she was in her original length of 647 feet, and without a self-unloader as it has now.
xxxxIn 1971, The Callaway had only seen nineteen years of service, having been built by Great Lakes Engineering Works at River Rouge, Michigan on the Detroit River. She was christened September 16, 1952 before going into service. She was the last of three "triple A class" vessels built for the Pittsburgh Steamship Company of U. S. Steel. The other two twins were the Philip R. Clarke and the Arthur M. Anderson.
xxxxAfter only three years in service, the Callaway was involved in a major accident. She had a head on collision in the St. Mary's River with the steamer B. F. Jones (1) August 21, 1955. Severe damage occurred to both vessels, but only the Callaway would be repaired. The 49 year old B. F. Jones (1) built in 1906 would not. This 550 foot ship was scrapped after a shipyard survey.
xxxxDuring the 1960's and into the 1970's, U. S. Steel sent some of their ships all the way to Quebec for iron ore. The Callaway was one of these. Her original length allowed easy passage through the Welland Canal, Lake Ontario, the St. Lawrence River, passing Montreal and Quebec City, sailing into salt water and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Grain would be carried out to that far place, and ore loaded for the return to the Great Lakes.
xxxxLloyd Campbell often worked in the engine room of the Callaway. He would have a career of over 40 years on U. S. Steel ships, becoming a chief engineer. He often went down the Seaway for these long trips. In October, 1967 he took a picture from the deck of the Callaway as it was about to pass under the unique Quebec Cartier Bridge at Quebec City on the St. Lawrence River. This is certainly a rare picture of the Callaway in such a location far from where she now sails.
xxxxSuch trips are not possible now, because in 1974 the Callaway was lengthened to 767 feet, to long for the locks on those Seaway journeys. Another change occurred in 1982 when a self-unloader was added. These changes extended her usefulness on the Great Lakes to now going over 53 years.
xxxxThe Cason J. Callaway has had a good legacy of dependable service, that it's namesake would be proud of as well. Cason and Virginia Callaway left us also a legacy to enjoy, and it is called Callaway Gardens. At Pine Mountain, Georgia, the Callaway's conceived and created out of 14,000 acres, gardens, resorts, and a nature preserve in the southern foothills of the Appalachian Mountains. It is about an hour southwest of Atlanta, Georgia. The Callaway Gardens feature walking trails, a butterfly house, lakes, lodging, and golfing. On line, go to callawaygardens.com for a nice pleasant journey. While there, read about the namesake of this steamer that still sails the Great Lakes and our Blue Water area.


Cason J. Callaway
Duluth, 1954
by Wes Harkins


Cason J. Callaway
Mackinaw Bridge, 1957


Cason J. Callaway
Quebec Cartier Bridge, 1967
by Lloyd A. Campbell


Cason J. Callaway
Duluth, June, 1971

Cason J. Callaway
Duluth, June, 1971

Cason J. Callaway
St. Mary's River, 6/23/1988
by Tom Salvner

Cason J. Callaway
10-1991

Cason J. Callaway
Soo Locks, 6/28/2002

B.F. Jones
Circa 1910
by Pesha

Cason J. Callaway
Soo Locks
by Peter VanderLinden
The J. L. Mauthe & Pathfinder
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxSince 1998, the self-unloading barge Pathfinder has been busy hauling cargos on the Great Lakes. Prior to then she was the steamer J. L. Mauthe. In that year she was cut down to a barge, but looking closer, one can still see her classic lines of her former years.
xxxxJ. L. Mauthe was built in 1953 by Great Lakes Engineering Works at River Rouge, Michigan, near Detroit, for the Interlake Steamship Company. She was one of the eight "Triple-A Class" vessels built for various owners on the Lakes. All were built at 647 feet long in 1952 - 1953. Most are now longer, and self-unloaders, with one scrapped. These are the: Philip R. Clarke, Arthur M. Anderson, Cason J. Callaway, Edward B. Greene (now Kaye E. Barker), Armco, Reserve, and the scrapped William Clay Ford (1).
xxxxThe J. L. Mauthe would be the only one of these to remain at her original length, and as a straight deck bulk carrier. Past pictures of her, show us the appearance that all of these had. Interlake did not change this steamer for most of it's years, and as such, she almost became the last straight deck bulk carrier on the American side of the Great Lakes. However, Interlake converted the vessel to a barge, pushed by a tug, the Dorothy Ann. The J. L. Mauthe's new name became Pathfinder, the third vessel for Interlake to have this name. Now as a 606 foot barge, this former steamer sees more ports of call with cargos, even in our Blue Water area.

J. L. Mauthe
Point Edward 5/3/1980
by Dick Wicklund

J. L. Mauthe
Port Huron 4/10/1993
by Dick Wicklund

J. L. Mauthe
Port Huron 4/10/1993
by Dick Wicklund

J. L. Mauthe
St. Clair River 10/3/1992
by Dick Wicklund

J. L. Mauthe
St. Marys River 7/24/1982
by Tom Salvner

J. L. Mauthe
Superior, WIS. 8/9/1994
by Dick Wicklund

Pathfinder
Port Huron 6/4/2005
by Dick Wicklund

Pathfinder
Saginaw River 4/15/2000
by Dick Wicklund
The Kaye E. Barker: Three names, Three owners
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxIn the summer of 2005, the handsome steamer, Kaye E. Barker was photographed by John Meyland unloading coal at a power plant on the Canadian side of the St. Clair River. To many of us, the first name this ship had is the one we remember best: Edward B. Greene.
xxxxThe Greene was a modified version of the “Triple A” class when built in 1952. The others of this class included the Philip R. Clarke, J. L. Mauthe, Reserve, and William Clay Ford (1) among the eight total that entered service in 1952 and 1953. However the Greene was the only one of them built at Toledo, Ohio. She entered service on July 29, 1952, bound for Marquette, Michigan for iron ore.
xxxxFor the next 33 years she served as the flagship of her owner, the Cleveland-Cliffs Steamship Company, the Great Lakes shipping arm of Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. This mining and steel producing company has its origin as far back as 1852, one hundred years before this vessel was built. The namesake of this ship was the long time president of Cleveland-Cliffs from 1933 to 1954.
xxxxAs the Edward B. Greene, three changes began to occur from 1976. In that year this vessel was lengthened 120 feet, to 767 feet form her original 647 feet. In 1981, a self-unloader was added. Then in 1985, a bigger change occurred when Cleveland-Cliffs got out of the Great Lakes shipping business.
xxxxThe Greene was sold to the Ford Motor Company, and placed in their Rouge Steel Company fleet. She joined the Ford fleet of ships in 1985 with a new paint scheme, and a new name. She became the third Benson Ford. She was renamed for the second son of Edsel Ford. Edsel was the only son of auto pioneer, Henry Ford. Henry Ford got into the Great Lakes shipping business in 1923, and his first ship, Benson Ford (1) sailed in 1924. Carrying a Ford name on its bow was a historical honor for the ex-Edward B. Greene, but it would be short lived.
After only four years as Benson Ford (3), in 1989, this vessel took its third name and owner. Then, she became the Kaye E. Barker for Lakes Shipping, a subsidiary of the Interlake Steamship Company. The Interlake fleet started in 1913 as part of its parent company, Pickands-Mather. This company was involved in mining and shipping on the Great Lakes, beginning in 1883, under the guidance of Samuel Mather.
xxxxWhen Mormac Resources bought Pickands-Mather, the Interlake fleet followed into the ownership of its two main principles, Paul R. Tregurtha and James R. Barker. Each man named vessels for their wives. Thus, this vessel became Kaye E. Barker, named for the wife of James R. Barker. As an active wife and mother, Mrs. Barker was also actively involved in the business of Interlake and Mormac Marine.
xxxxThe steamer Kaye E. Barker has now sailed with three names, under three owners. An active ship, she is still sailing all over the Great Lakes, and often to our Blue Water area.

Edward B. Greene
11/16/1963
by Fred Miller

Edward B. Greene
Fraser Shipyard
Superior, Wis.

Edward B. Greene
Blue Water Bridge
Port Huron circa 1978
by Bob Campbell

Edward B. Greene
Port Huron 4/18/1980
by Dick Wicklund

Edward B. Greene
St. Marys River, Oct. 1983
by Bob Campbell

Benson Ford
Duluth 8/10/1987
by Dick Wicklund

Kaye E. Barker
Marquette, MI
by Dave Bury

Kaye E. Barker
Stoneport, Lake Huron
8/20/2004
by Dick Wicklund

Kaye E. Barker
Lambton Power Plant
St. Clair River 7/25/2005
by John Meyland

Kaye E. Barker
Unloading at Lambton
St. Clair River 7/25/2005
by John Meyland
The Halifax: A Halco Sister
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxThe Canada Steamship Lines self-unloader Halifax often sails through the Blue Water area. Her somewhat unusual appearance masks her past as a Halco ship.
xxxxThe Halifax was built in 1963 as the Frankcliffe Hall (2) for the Hall Corporation of Canada (Halco). She was the second of their maximum sized 730 foot vessels built for the newly enlarged St. Lawrence Seaway. These vessels were handsome modern appearing ships built during the 1960’s.
xxxxLike larger Canadian fleets, Halco went from canal size 260 foot boats to ships that were almost three times as large when the Seaway opened in 1959. The first Frankcliffe Hall was of this size at 259 feet. This vessel continued in service after renaming, but most canalers went to the scrap yard when 730 foot ships were built.
xxxxUntil 1987 the Halco fleet, and their unique “wishbone” stack design was seen on many ships. As Skip Gillham has written, “Yet their roots in the inland transportation network go much deeper. In 1875 the firm of Hall & Gardner of Ogdensburg, New York, purchased the seven year old tug Curlew and this was beginning of the Hall fleet on the Great Lakes. In 1880 the George Hall Company was established and the shipping firm began to grow. This was still an American company but in 1918, under the leadership of Frank Augsbury Sr., they set up the George Hall Coal Company of Canada Limited as a subsidiary.” In this account we see the namesake of the fleet, and the namesake of the ships named Frankcliffe Hall.
xxxxThis 1963 built Frankcliffe Hall was the second of six 730 foot Halco’s to enter service in the 1960s’. The first of these 730 footers should be noted, and that was the Leecliffe Hall (2), named for the wife of Frank Augsbury Jr. However, this first 730 footer for Halco was a tragic loss. Built in Scotland in 1961, it entered service on September 25, 1961. She spent less then three years on the lakes and the Seaway. With loss of life, she sank in a collision in the St. Lawrence River on September 5, 1964.
xxxxFrankcliffe Hall (2) had only been in service just over a year when Leecliffe Hall was lost. Unfortunately this would not be the only accident the Frankcliffe Hall would see in the Halco fleet. The Lawrencecliffe Hall (2) was the third of these 730 footers built. She started service in June, 1965, but a collision five months later in the St. Lawrence River almost ended her days as well. She was salvaged to rejoin the Frankcliffe Hall.
xxxxThe next three of the six 730 foot Halco sisters would fare better. Beavercliffe Hall followed in 1965, Maplecliffe Hall in 1966, and the Ottercliffe Hall in 1969. Three more 730 foot ships would be added in the 1970’s, to sail with these. Halco would now be a major Canadian fleet on the Lakes, with modern and attractive 730 foot ships.
xxxx
In 1980 Frankcliffe Hall was converted to a self-unloader. Unlike most conversions, she was also deepened six feet. She would become one of the few in the Halco fleet to become a self-unloader, and certainly the largest. Others prior to her had names like Orefax, Coalfax, Stonefax, and Hallfax.
xxxxThe end of the Halco fleet came in 1987. Its large fleet was sold, with the Frankcliffe Hall going to CSL. She was renamed for Halifax, Nova Scotia, one of Canada's major east coast sea ports. Only a few former Halco vessels sail the Lakes now. The canalers are long gone, and the once big Halco tanker fleet as well. Of the 730 footers sailing yet are: The Cartiercliffe Hall as Algontario, Montcliffe Hall as Cedarglen (2), the 1966 built Maplecliffe Hall as Canadian Miner, and the former Frankcliffe Hall as the Halifax.

Leecliffe Hall
Detroit River, Belle Isle
6/17/1964
by Fred Miller

Frankcliffe Hall
Detroit River, Belle Isle
8/13/1964
by Fred Miller

Frankcliffe Hall
Welland Canal, 5/30/1977
by Dick Wicklund

Frankcliffe Hall
Welland Canal, 5/30/1977
by Dick Wicklund

Frankcliffe Hall
Port Huron, 4/22/1979
by Dick Wicklund

Frankcliffe Hall
Welland Canal, 7/20/1980
First Trip as a self-unloader
by Dick Wicklund

Halifax
St. Clair River 7/15/2000
by Dick Wicklund

Halifax
St. Clair River 7/15/2000
by Dick Wicklund

Lawrencecliffe Hall
Point Edward, 11/14/1981
by Dick Wicklund

Maplecliffe Hall
Point Edward, 10/28/1986
by Dick Wicklund
Algorail & The Jodrey
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxA common vessel passing the blue waters of Lake Huron, and the St. Clair River is the Algorail (2). For many winter lay-ups she has often been seen at Sarnia, Ontario, an easy view from Port Huron, Michigan, across the St. Clair River.
xxxxThis Algorail was built at Collingwood, Ontario, on Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay in 1968. Her owner, Algoma Central Marine, has a history that dates from at least 1900. Their first Great Lakes ships were older straight deck bulk carriers purchased from other fleets. This changed in the 1960’s. In this decade Algoma added their first self-unloaders to the fleet.
xxxxAlgoma’s first self-unloader was converted for this use in 1964, when the 1953 built E. B. Barber added this capability. However, the second and the third ones were built as self-unloaders. The first so built was named the Roy A. Jodrey, followed by the Algorail.
xxxxThe Roy A. Jodrey was built at Collingwood Shipyards in 1965, three years before the Algorail. Both ships were virtual twins in appearance, and varied only by inches in overall size. Except for those inches, both were 640 feet long, by 72 feet wide, with a depth of 40 feet.
xxxxIn an interesting note, the 1927 built Carl D. Bradley (2) was 638 feet long, by 65 feet wide, with a depth of 33 feet. The Jodrey and the Algorail were just a few feet larger then the Bradley. When built, the Bradley was the biggest on the Lakes, but such a distinction was not the case some 40 years later for the Jodrey and the Algorail, when 730 foot Canadian, and U. S. ships were being added to Great Lakes fleets.
xxxxThe big Bradley, of course, foundered in Lake Michigan on November 18, 1958, well before the building of the Jodrey and the Algorail. Sadly, however, the Jodrey would join the Bradley in the annals of Great Lakes shipwrecks.
xxxxI had seen and photographed the Roy A. Jodrey a number of times. However, in the early 1970’s on a trip to the Soo Locks, I did not photograph ships because of cloudy weather. On that day, the Jodrey not only passed, but nearby so did the Edmund Fitzgerald! That missed chance at the Jodrey, at least, changed in 1974.
xxxxOn November 9, 1974, while under the Blue Water Bridge at Port Huron, many other more interesting vessels were passing, then the Jodrey. But, for the record, I took one photograph of the Jodrey. That picture of the Jodrey would be my last one of her. It is also possible that this could have been her last pass under the Blue Water Bridge? Twelve days after, I read of her sinking in the newspaper.
xxxxThe Roy A. Jodrey had run on a shoal in the beautiful Thousand Islands area of the St. Lawrence River. Her steep angle on the rocks, and the shifting cargo of iron ore, with her damaged hull, caused her to slide under the waves, and sink on November 21, 1974. Her crew had left her after doing what they could to keep her afloat. The Jodrey sank on her side in about 200 feet of water. The Jodrey with only nine years of sailing, would not be salvaged.
xxxxThe Jodrey’s twin, Algorail has now been in the Algoma fleet the longest. Two other similar self-unloaders were built after these two, the Agawa Canyon and the Algoway, but they are larger modified versions of them. After up-grades and improvements, the Algorail continues in service. For some of us, the Algorail still reminds us of her near twin, the Roy A. Jodrey. May the Algorail continue to sail faithfully, and return safely to dock in our Blue Water area!


Roy A. Jodrey

Welland Canal, 7/27/1973
by Dick Wicklund


Roy A. Jodrey
Port Colborne, 9/1/1974
by Dick Wicklund

Roy A. Jodrey
Port Huron, 11/9/1974
by Dick Wicklund

Algorail
Port Colborne, 5/29/1977
by Dick Wicklund

Algorail
Port Huron, 9/5/2005
by Dick Wicklund

Algorail
Port Huron, 9/5/2005
by Dick Wicklund

Algorail
Port Huron, 9/5/2005
by Dick Wicklund

Algorail
Port Huron, 9/5/2005
by Dick Wicklund
Michipicoten & Elton Hoyt 2nd
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxThe ship that now sails as the Michipicoten, sailed for most of its years as the Elton Hoyt 2nd. This Lake boat was one of three twin ships built in 1952 at Sparrows Point, Maryland, nearer to the Atlantic coast, then the Great Lakes. The two others were the Johnstown, and the Sparrows Point, both built for Bethlehem Steel.
xxxxThe Elton Hoyt 2nd was built for the Interlake Steamship Company of Pickands Mather. Her, and her twins each had a length of 626 feet when constructed. As each was completed they were towed from Maryland into the Gulf of Mexico to New Orleans, and up the Mississippi River, connecting with the Illinois Waterway to Chicago. After final completion there, each entered Great Lakes service.
xxxxIn time each was lengthened by 72 feet to 698 feet, with this done to the Hoyt in 1957. The Hoyt was converted to a self-unloader in 1980, as was the Sparrows Point. Unfortunately the Johnstown was not, and was scrapped in 1985. In 1990 the Sparrows Point was sold to Oglebay Norton, and renamed Buckeye.
xxxxThe Elton Hoyt 2nd continued in the Interlake fleet after 1990 with some periods of lay up. After one of these times of inactivity, the Hoyt was sold to Lower Lakes Towing in 2003. After 51 years she took on a new service with the name Michipicoten, the third vessel so named on the Great Lakes.
xxxxInterestingly, the first ship to carry the name Elton Hoyt 2nd is still in operation, completing 99 years of service. Known now as the St. Mary’s Challenger, this 1906 built veteran had the name Elton Hoyt 2nd from 1926 to 1952. When the new Hoyt took the name, this older boat became the Alex D. Chisholm in the Interlake fleet. Sold out of the fleet, she was later converted to a cement carrier in 1967, and carried the name many of us are more familiar with, Medusa Challenger.
xxxxThe name Michipicoten has also been used before. The first time was on an 1883 built tug that became a passenger vessel that had the name from 1910 to 1927. The second Michipicoten was also a renamed vessel, sailing for most of its years as the ore carrier, Henry C. Frick built in 1905. She had this name only from 1964 to 1972.
xxxxThe name Hoyt should not be overlooked. From a young man, Elton Hoyt 2nd worked for Pickands Mather, eventually guiding this mining and shipping company as a partner and executive from the 1920’s. His father, James H. Hoyt, was a lawyer who helped bring together mining and shipping companies, as well as shipbuilding on the Great Lakes at the turn of the last century. Elton Hoyt’s uncle, Colgate Hoyt, the brother of James Hoyt, was one of the main investors with Alexander McDougall in his famous whaleback designed ships.
xxxxNo less historic is the name Michipicoten, which is a small harbor located in eastern Lake Superior, 140 miles northwest of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Almost 400 years ago the explorers Brule and Champlain noted this place on their maps. By 1750 a fort was established here, and it was a shipping point for fur traders. Later, iron ore would be shipped, but not on the scale of other Lake Superior ports. With Michipicoten Island off shore, this area is still rugged and remote, but it has a lot of history.
xxxxThe steamer Elton Hoyt 2nd, now Michipicoten, has much to tell us, and maybe more then we realize, as it passes through our Blue Water area.

Elton Hoyt 2nd
by Bob Campbell

Elton Hoyt 2nd
Port Huron, 6/29/1975
by Dick Wicklund

Elton Hoyt 2nd
Port Huron, 4/16/1990
by Dick Wicklund

Elton Hoyt 2nd
Port Huron, 4/16/1990
by Dick Wicklund

Johnstown at the Soo
8/25/1979
by Dick Wicklund

Sparrows Point
August, 1983
by Steve Elve

Alex D. Chisholm
Port Huron, 9/25/1962
by Dick Wicklund

Michipicoten
7/19/1964
by Peter VanderLinden

Michipicoten
St. Clair River, 7/19/2005
by Dick Wicklund

Michipicoten
Duluth, 9/29/2004
by Dick Wicklund
Edmund Fitzgerald: A Remembrance

Edmund Fitzgerald
Downbound Soo
Oct. 1958
by Bob Fitz

Edmund Fitzgerald
11-29-1958
by Wes Harkins

Edmund Fitzgerald
11-15-1963

Edmund Fitzgerald
9-1-1971
by Dick Wicklund

Edmund Fitzgerald
Lorain, 2-9-1974
by Dick Wicklund

Edmund Fitzgerald
Lorain, 2-9-1974
by Dick Wicklund

Edmund Fitzgerald
Toledo, 6-7-1974
by Dick Wicklund

Edmund Fitzgerald
6-28-1974
by Dick Wicklund

Edmund Fitzgerald
Soo, 8-24-1974
by Brian Bluekamp

Edmund Fitzgerald
Soo, 11-10-1974
by Bob Campbell

"Reflection"
Edmund Fitzgerald
St. Mary's River, 5-1975
by Bob Campbell

Edmund Fitzgerald
7-1975
by Bob Campbell

Edmund Fitzgerald
7-1975
by Bob Campbell

Edmund Fitzgerald
by Peter VanderLinden

Edmund Fitzgerald
by Peter VanderLinden

Edmund Fitzgerald
by Emory Massman Jr.

Edmund Fitzgerald
Blue Water Bridge
Dick Wicklund Collection

Edmund Fitzgerald
Mr. Edmund Fitzgerald, 1959
Dick Wicklund Collection

Lehigh & Willowglen
By Dick Wicklund

xxxxIn late July, 2005, the 62 year old steamer Willowglen was towed away from the blue waters of Lake Huron from the port of Goderich, Ontario. This ship was built in 1943 as part of a sixteen vessel construction program to deliver iron ore and other raw material demands for World War II. The U. S. Maritime Commission ordered these nearly identical ships for nine Great Lakes fleets to operate. These sixteen would thus be called the “Maritime Class,” or simply “Maritimers.”
xxxxThe Lehigh was built at River Rouge, Michigan, by the Great Lakes Engineering Works, near Detroit. Her dimensions were 620’6” long, 60’ wide, with a depth of 35 feet. She could carry 16,000 tons of cargo, and would be operated by the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. She entered service at the end of November, 1943 as one of the last of this class built.
xxxxThe attractive maritime class Lakers served well, with very few notable incidents. The Lehigh literally made none during its years of service as it simply did its job. The Lehigh, as other maritimers were not the biggest, or held many cargo records, but they contributed substantially to Great Lakes commerce.
xxxxIn 1969 the Lehigh brought the first iron ore cargo to the new Bethlehem Steel plant at Burns Harbor, Indiana, on Lake Michigan. Larger ships in the fleet could have had this honor, like the flag ship Arthur B. Homer. The Sparrows Point, or the Johnstown could have as well. This was before the first thousand foot ships were built to serve this new port. The first of which was the Stewart J. Cort in 1972.
xxxxIn the 1970’s the Lehigh joined other vessels in the fleet going down the St. Lawrence Seaway for iron ore from eastern Canada. She would touch salt water on the shores of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, then return to the Great Lakes. On one of these trips, her then fleetmate and maritimer like her, the Steelton, collided and knocked over a Bridge in the Welland Canal, blocking ship traffic for several weeks in 1974. The Lehigh, true to form, was not part of those headlines!
xxxxAs the newer thousand foot ships were built for the fleet, the smaller Lehigh experienced times of lay-up. During one of these in 1981, she was sold to the Soo River Company of Canada. She became the first maritimer sold for Canadian service on the Lakes. Her new name was, Joseph X. Robert. However, she would only have this name for about a year and a half, when her bankrupt owner sold their ships to the grain company of Parrish & Heimbecker (P&H) in 1982. Taking a tree name like other P&H vessels, she was renamed, Willowglen.
xxxxAs the Willowglen, she operated steadily for P&H, but her aging and outdated engine made her slow compared to other boats. In December, 1992, she was laid-up after ten years of P&H service. The former Lehigh would never run again under her own power. In 1994 she was sold to Goderich Elevator & Transit Company for grain storage use. Her new port of call would be the charming town of Goderich, Ontario, on Lake Huron.
xxxxThe Goderich Elevator Company had temporarily used older retired Great Lakes ships for this purpose prior to 1962, but in that year they began to buy boats for this use. During the next forty years a parade of classic and historic Lake boats came and went from “sailing” the Goderich harbor. By the time Willowglen came in 1994, most were a memory. Only the Cedarglen, an ex-P&H vessel, was here, but not for long as the Willowglen replaced her. For some eight years, this old maritimer served alone in the harbor. In 2002, the Teakglen arrived for the same grain storage use.
xxxxHowever, in July, 2005, both of these vessels were sold. The Willowglen was the last towed out of the port on July 30, 2005. Unless things change, the former Lehigh will be the last grain storage vessel used at Goderich, ending at least 43 years of this service.
xxxxThe Willowglen is now on a journey. Will it be to a scrap yard, or for some more storage use in an unfamiliar place overseas? Whatever the case, this old maritimer will now only be seen in pictures sailing our Blue Water area!

Lehigh, Blue Water Bridge
Point Edward
by Bob Campbell

Lehigh, St. Mary's River
circa 1975
by Bob Campbell

Joseph X. Robert
Port Colborne, Ontario
4-16-1981 by Dick Wicklund

Joseph X. Robert
Port Colborne, Ontario
4-16-1981 by Dick Wicklund

Willowglen, St. Mary's River
8-18-1986
by Tom Salvner

Willowglen, St. Mary's River
8-18-1986
by Tom Salvner

Willowglen, Welland Canal
5-28-1989
by Dick Wicklund

Willowglen, Point Edward,
Ontario, 11-24-1990
by Dick Wicklund

Willowglen, Welland Canal
8-2-2005
by Skip Gillham

Willowglen, Goderich,
Ontario, 12-30-1983
by Dick Wicklund

Willowglen at Sunset
St. Mary's River, 1983
by Bob Campbell
Maritime Trader: A New Future!
By Dick Wicklund

xxxxAt the end of 2002 it looked like the end for a vessel named Teakglen. Under this name she made only one trip hauling a load of grain from Montreal, Quebec, to Goderich, Ontario, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. For a good part of the next three years her duty was for grain storage at this port.
xxxxAt the end of July, 2005, Teakglen’s days in Goderich ended, when she was towed to Sarnia, Ontario, on the St. Clair River. Here, this 608 foot vessel began its return to service, and not the scrapyard to the surprise of many. Further work would be done at Thunder Bay, Ontario, on Lake Superior. In dry dock there, her hull was painted blue, and her new name was applied, Maritime Trader, for the new Voyageur Maritime fleet.
xxxxWith a new future, what was Maritime Trader’s past? For most of its years she was known as the Mantadoc, the second vessel to have this name on the Great Lakes. She was built on the shore of Lake Huron’s Georgian Bay at Collingwood, Ontario, in 1967. Most vessels built during the 1960’s in Canada were 730 feet long. Mantadoc’s smaller size of just over 600 feet meant she could service smaller ports. Her owner, N. M. Paterson & Sons, intended for her to primarily carry grain.
xxxxThe Mantadoc’s design was similar to a 1965 built vessel, the Sir Denys Lowson. This ship was built also at Collingwood, but for the Algoma Central fleet. Paterson bought this vessel in 1979, and they renamed it Vandoc (2). In overall size, Vandoc was smaller, at 605 feet long. Sadly, as grain cargoes on the Canadian side of the Great Lakes became less, this vessel would only serve actively through 1991, then in lay-up until 2002.
xxxxIn 2002 Paterson sold there fleet of ships to Canada Steamship Lines. Both Vandoc and Mantadoc were included, but unfortunately not for service. Vandoc was sold for scrap, and the once active Mantadoc was laid-up. In October, 2002, Canada Steamship Lines did activate Mantadoc for one trip, under the name Teakglen, as noted earlier, this was that one way trip to Goderich for grain storage.
xxxxJust over a year in grain storage, Teakglen was sold in 2004 to the Goderich Elevator & Transit Company which had been using it since it came. However there is an irony for the Teakglen, the former Mantadoc, serving in this way: The first ship named Mantadoc also served here years before in grain storage use. Under the name, R. G. Sanderson, Mantadoc (1) spent a record 20 years here from 1963 to 1983.
xxxxMantadoc (1) was also built on Lake Huron, but on Saginaw Bay at West Bay City, Michigan in 1903, as the Frank W. Gilchrist. After ten years, the Gilchrist fleet was sold to the Interlake Steamship Company, when this new fleet was formed in 1913 by the mining and shipping company of Pickands Mather. They renamed this vessel, Cepheus. After thirteen years, in 1926 Interlake sold Cepheus, and several other ships to Paterson. All were renamed, and that is when this boat became Mantadoc(1).
xxxxThe first Mantadoc was a classic Great Lakes vessel, of which many of her 436 foot length were built. Paterson kept her basic appearance over the 37 years she served their fleet. In 1963 when she was sold to Goderich Elevator, and became the R. G. Sanderson, her outward appearance changed little in the 20 years she would spend in this harbor, out side of pealing paint and rust. Like so many retired Lake boats that came here, she would be forgotten, except for a few that would happen upon this “time capsule.” Of all the vessels used for grain storage, she would the serve the longest at Goderich. At the age of 80 in 1983, the Sanderson was quietly towed away to a scrap yard in Thunder Bay, Ontario, nineteen years before the second Mantadoc would arrive.
xxxxBoth of the vessels named Mantadoc were built on Lake Huron’s shores, and served for a time at the same place years apart. The years of sailing the Great Lakes is remembered for the first, and now a new future begins for the second, as the Maritime Trader, sailing Lake Huron’s blue waters, and beyond!

xxxx(A special thanks goes to Wade Streeter, and Dave Michelson for the November 12, 2005, pictures of the Maritime Trader – with whose help, John Meyland was able to take those pictures in difficult circumstances, along with their own!)


Mantadoc
Port Colborne, Ontario
by Ted Jones


Mantadoc
Port Huron 11-7-92
by Dick Wicklund


Mantadoc
Pt. Edward 8-24-80
by Dick Wicklund


Mantadoc
Welland Canal 5-28-88
by Dick Wicklund


Maritime Trader
Welland Canal 10-6-2005
by Skip Gillham


Maritime Trader
St. Clair River 11-12-05
by John Meyland

Maritime Trader
St. Clair River 11-12-05
by John Meyland

R. G. Sanderson
Goderich 9-4-76
by Dick Wicklund


Sir Denys Lowson
Port Colborne, Ontario
5-28-77
by Dick Wicklund


Teakglen
Port Huron 10-5-02
by Dick Wicklund


Teakglen
Port Huron 10-5-02
by Dick Wicklund

Vandoc
Point Edward Ontario
4-18-82
by Dick Wicklund

Alpena: Five Super Sisters
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxThe steamer Alpena is one of the more classic appearing ships sailing the Great Lakes. At its current 519 foot length, this cement carrier has changed in its sixty-four plus years, mainly in its purpose, name, and length. She is among the largest vessels on the Lakes modified to carry only powdered cement.
xxxxFor 48 years this vessel was known as the iron ore carrier Leon Fraser. Launched on February 28, 1942, at the Great Lakes Engineering Works, River Rouge, Michigan, this ship sailed on its maiden voyage June 21, 1942. The Leon Fraser was the first of five twin vessels known as the “Super Class” for U. S. Steel Corporation’s Pittsburgh Steamship Company.
xxxxIn 1940 the war in Europe was already underway, and the U. S. began to build up its own defenses, even though America had not entered the war. Raw material demands began to grow, and steel producers needed more iron ore. The biggest steel company, U. S. Steel, ordered five “super” sized vessels in March, 1941. This was nine months before Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, December 7, and America entered World War II.
xxxxEach of these five ore carriers were hailed as the largest ever built on the Lakes when they started service during 1942, with the Leon Fraser leading the way. Many lined the shores to see these “super ships.” And, they were big for their day, at 639 feet, six inches long, 67 feet wide, with a depth of 35 feet. They were powerful with new up to date coal fired steam turbine engines, rated at 4400 horsepower.
xxxxFollowing the Leon Fraser built at River Rouge was the Enders M. Voorhees, launched on April 11, 1942. The Benjamin F. Fairless was next, launched at Lorain, Ohio, by the American Shipbuilding Company on April 25. The A. H. Ferbert built at River Rouge, and the Irving S. Olds built at Lorain were launched jointly on May 22, 1942, as part of the National Maritime Day observance, that saw over 20 simultaneous launchings through out the United States.
xxxxThe size of these five ships caused much interest, as it had been fifteen to sixteen years since vessels were built on the Lakes of over 630 feet long. Three other boats were in service in this category as the largest on the Lakes in 1942: The 1926 built Lemoyne (1) was the largest Canadian bulk carrier at 633 feet long. The biggest straight deck bulk carrier on the U. S. side of the Lakes was the 1927 built Harry Coulby (2) at 631 feet. However, the largest overall also built in1927 was the U. S. registered self-unloader Carl D. Bradley (2) at 638 feet long, 65 feet wide, with a depth of 33 feet. Comparing these dimensions with those above for the Leon Fraser, and her super sisters, one can see the difference was only from one to two feet more for these 1942 built ships. This may seem modest, but at the time it was significant, and began the trend for larger vessels when the war ended in 1945.
xxxxThe five super sisters were built timely for the war effort, but it was not enough, so in 1943 sixteen nearly identical ships were built, known as the “Maritime Class.” These were smaller ore carriers at just inches over 620 feet and less powerful with different engines. However, as the war ended the super sisters would be out distanced in size by newer vessels. Eight years after the supers were constructed, the 678 foot Wilfred Sykes set the new standard for size on the Lakes in 1950. From 1952, when the super sisters were only ten years old, a series of ships were built that would minimize the word “super” in describing these five sisters. U. S. Steel’s Pittsburgh fleet introduced in 1952 three 647 foot vessels, the Philip R. Clarke, Arthur M. Anderson, and the Cason J. Callaway.
xxxxThis did not mean that the five sisters would not be useful. For the next 30 years these ships were very active, sailing all the Great Lakes, and even traveling the St. Lawrence River to the salt water of the Gulf of St. Lawrence for cargo. They were also used extensively in winter navigation. To become more efficient, each was converted to oil from coal power. However, it was not smooth sailing for four of these five, as each had accidents, some serious, but the Leon Fraser was the exception with more minor mishaps in comparison.
xxxxThe decade of the 1980’s was not kind to these now forty year old vessels. The influence of the greater capacity of the thousand foot ships was one reason these stalwart boats would no longer sail. The economic down turn of the early 1980’s, and the down sizing of the steel industry was the major reason the former super sisters would soon depart for an uncertain future. Four would be towed to scrap yards overseas far from the Great Lakes before the end of the decade.
xxxxThe exception was the Leon Fraser which had seen lay up time by the mid-1980’s like the others. She was sold about 1986 for use as a museum as part of a marina in Lorain, Ohio. However, the idea did not materialize, and she was sold for conversion to a cement carrier for Inland Lakes – successor to the old Huron Cement fleet of years past. So in 1990 the Fraser was towed from Lorain to Superior, Wisconsin. The Fraser Shipyard cut 120 feet from her mid section, made her shorter at 519 feet, and made the modifications for cement hauling.
xxxxReturning for service in 1991, renamed for Alpena, Michigan, on Lake Huron, this ex-super sister started a new carrier almost fifty years after its introduction as one of the biggest ships on the Great Lakes. The steamer Alpena continues to sail with that classic appearance of a Great Lakes freighter and a reminder of her other super sisters that were seen often on the Great Lakes and the blue waters of Lake Huron!

Leon Fraser
Soo Locks 4-21-49
by Peter VanderLinden

Leon Fraser
Duluth May 1972
by Dick Wicklund

Leon Fraser
Port Huron 11-1979
by Dick Wicklund

Leon Fraser
Duluth 9-20-80
by Dick Wicklund

Benjamin F. Fairless
Point Edward, Ont. 5-3-80
by Dick Wicklund

A.H. Ferbert
Soo 5-24-80
by Dick Wicklund

Irving S. Olds
Soo 5-25-80
by Dick Wicklund

Enders M. Voorhees
Port Huron 10-8-81
by Dick Wicklund

Alpena Fraser
Ship yard Superior 8-13-90
by Dick Wicklund

Alpena
Duluth 8-10-91
by Dick Wicklund

Alpena
Duluth 8-7-96
by Dick Wicklund

Alpena
Soo Locks 6-29-01
by Dick Wicklund
An Original: E. M. Ford
By Dick Wicklund
xxxxOn May 25, 1898, a 428 foot long ore carrier was launched by the Cleveland Shipbuilding Company at Lorain, Ohio. This vessel was Christened Presque Isle. It soon joined the growing fleet of the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. At the time Presque Isle was one of the larger ships in the fleet.
xxxxBuilt during the height of the industrial revolution to meet the demand for steel, Presque Isle was part of rapid changes in the technology of shipbuilding. Yet, with hundreds of vessels built on the Great Lakes since 1898, this almost lone example exists over 108 years later.
xxxxWith little fanfare, and few notable incidences, Presque Isle sailed faithfully for her first owner. Fifty-seven years as a Cleveland Cliffs vessel came to an end in 1955. Now to small as an ore carrier, it was an ideal size for the Huron Cement Company. During the winter of 1955-1956 she was converted to a cement carrier to service its cement terminals around the Great Lakes. Loading powdered cement at Alpena, Michigan on Lake Huron, she would now sail on all five of the Great Lakes.
xxxxThe name Presque Isle was appropriate for this vessel’s first name. Cleveland Cliffs named this ship for its major ore loading port, Presque Isle harbor at Marquette, Michigan on Lake Superior. However, the name is used elsewhere on the Lakes: Presque Isle Lighthouse is one of Michigan’s tallest, located north of Alpena on Lake Huron. Another Presque Isle is the harbor at Erie, Pennsylvania. The currant one thousand foot tug barge, Presque Isle (2), is named for this harbor on Lake Erie where it was built.
xxxxIn 1956 this first Presque Isle was renamed, E. M. Ford, a Huron Cement executive. This man’s family was known in Detroit as “the other Fords.” J. B. Ford and S. T. Crapo founded Huron Cement in 1907. The Ford building in Detroit is named for the Ford’s of Huron Cement, not the automotive Fords.
xxxxUnder this steamer’s new name, E. M Ford, as a cement carrier, her introduction was marred by a collision. On April 19, 1956, this ship lost steering, and collided with the Reiss Steamship Company’s A. M. Byers. The Byers sank, blocking shipping off Harsens Island in the St. Clair River. Both extensively damaged ships would be repaired, and returned to service.
xxxxThe E. M. Ford would receive various improvements, including the redesigning of its deck cabins. Her engine would be converted from coal to oil power in 1975. Her original quadruple expansion steam engine would remain, now some 77 years old.
xxxxThe E. M. Ford’s days almost came to an end on Christmas Eve, 1979, in Milwaukee. The Ford was moored, loaded with cargo, when a storm tore her lines loose. The waves pounded, and drove it against the docks, causing this now 81 year old boat to sink. However, E. M. Ford would cheat fate. She would be raised, the ruined cement cargo removed, and its battered hull repaired for more service.
xxxxBy the 1990’s Huron Cement did what they often did with older ships, by placing them in cement storage and cargo transfer use, augmenting there shore based terminals. The E. M. Ford joined this service. After a short stay in Green Bay, Wisconsin, she was placed on the Saginaw River in 1996, in its 98th year.
xxxxCarrollton, Michigan, up river from Bay City, has been E. M. Ford’s “home” since. If one were to visit this ship, they would not find a rusty derelict, but a well kept vessel, proudly displaying her classic appearance of the last century. Whether as the Presque Isle, or as she still is, the E. M. Ford is a Great Lakes original!

Presque Isle
Detroit River, 8-1-1948
by Peter VanderLinden

Presque Isle
Detroit River, 8-1-1948
by Peter VanderLinden

Presque Isle
Soo, 8-30-1953
by Peter VanderLinden
Presque Isle
Soo, Post Card

E. M. Ford
Soo, 8-25-1957
by Peter VanderLinden

E. M. Ford
St. Clair River, 10-15-1963
by Fred Miller

E. M. Ford
St. Clair River, 6-25-1979
by Peter VanderLinden

E. M. Ford
1981
by Bob Campbell

E. M. Ford
Point Edward, 5/17/1981
by Dick Wicklund

E. M. Ford
Saginaw 6-1990
by Bob Campbell

E. M. Ford
Carrollton
Saginaw River, 11-12-1997
by Dick Wicklund

E. M. Ford
Carrollton
Saginaw River, 8-9-2002
by Dick Wicklund